Molecular Structure of Organic Molecules

1. and bonds
   1. Hybrid orbitals (sp³, sp², sp and respective geometries)
   2. Structural formulas for molecules involving H, C, N, O, F, S, P, Si, Cl
   3. Delocalized electrons and resonance in ions and molecules

2. Multiple bonding
   1. Effect on bond length and bond energies
   2. Rigidity in molecular structure

3. Stereochemistry of covalently bonded molecules
   1. Isomers
      1. Structural isomers
      2. Stereoisomers (e.g., diastereomers, enantiomers, cis/trans isomers)
      3. Conformational isomers
   2. Polarization of light, specific rotation
   3. Absolute and relative configuration
      1. Conventions for writing R and S forms
   4. Racemic mixtures